Cold hemagglutinin disease is a form of immune hemolytic anemia caused by cold-reactive immunoglobulins. Cold agglutinins are autoantibodies, usually of the IgM type, that cause red blood cell agglutination at reduced temperatures. When the
agglutinated
antibody-covered red blood cells return to the central circulation, the classical complement pathway is activated. Complement components combine with the antibody-covered red blood cells, inducing membrane changes that result in intravascular
hemolysis.
Clinical manifestations of cold hemagglutinin disease, which occu7r only on cold exposure include acrocyanosis, purpura, Raynaud's phenomenon, acral gangrene, immune complex nephritis, and hemolytic anemia.
We experienced a case of 66-year-old woman with cold agglutinin disease, gastric cancer and gall bladder stone. Preoperative plasmapheresis and intraoperative forced air convective warming to minimize red blood cell agglutination and hemolysis
were
performed. The operating room was prewarmed to 31∼32℃. The patient had her lower body and the upper extremities covered with warming blankets. Inspired gases were humidified at 37℃and intravenous fluids were warmed with a blood warmer.
Peripheral
body temperature was maintained above 36.3℃throughout the procedure. Subtotal gastrectomy and cholecystectomy were done successfully without complication.
It can be concluded that the maintenance of central and peripheral body temperature above the thermal activity of the cold agglutinin is required during the perioperative period.(Korean J Anesthiol 1995; 29: 740∼745)
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